First of all I'm so sorry for you! Basically, as a dog's metabolism is faster than a humans. it can spread pretty fast. Having said that however, it depends on the cancer, and it's great news that it hasn't spread so far. Once it gets to the lungs, it's over pretty fast, sadly. I've had this in my hounds, mostly in old age it has to be said, more often than anything else. Mostly it's been lymphosarcoma, and the average length of life from diagnosis to the end has been around 6 months - of good quality life. The boy I have here (the last of my line) had a tumour found at the back of his mouth - during a routine dental last October. I was told it was malignant malinoma, and 'aggressive'. We put him on some homoeopathetic treatment (for me, chemo was too stressful for him at his age - he was 11 at the time), which was intended to boost his immune system. The tumour started to grow and in January we had it taken off. Unfortunately it wasn't all got off, and a month ago, we had it taken off again, which is sadly when another, on his pharynx, was found, along with others in his mouth. It's obviously now over a year from the initial diagnosis. It's not spread to other areas, but the pharynx tumour will 'be the one that gets him' (quote vet).
His sister went the same way, in 2008 although her cancer wasn't in her mouth. We never discovered where the primary was, but it spread, quite fast, over about 7 months. However, it went to her lungs (the secondaries) and as I said earlier, once the cancer involves the lungs, it's quite quickly spread throughout.
Truly you just have to go day by day - and I'd say in your case you won't be looking at 'fast'. Quality of life, obviously, has to be your first consideration. I do sympathise because for me the worst thing is knowing!! Everytime they twitch, you panic. So try to enjoy the time you have with your dog, and push the what might bes into the background.